" k4 }# v8 U) z. D% i$ A; e$ f 七、结论8 O5 e( l$ d9 c, A
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碳氢化合物是众所皆知的气体燃料,作为家庭烹煮取暖用途,或者像环戊烷作为保温材的发泡剂(blowing aent),当然也可以作为商业冷冻、冰水机或空调机的工作流体,而且具有良好的效能,但实务使用上却仍不普遍,在全世界不同地区有着差异的接受度。从热力学及热传的论点,HC的确是种相当不错的冷媒,它们拥有完美的环保特质,没有ODP,不会破坏地球臭氧层;GWP也很低,没有气候温暖化的危害,最大的缺点就在于它们的可燃特性,不过似乎已渐渐被大众所接纳,至少在欧洲及东南亚几个国家,已经在使用了。由于HC的可燃性,安全防护措施是必需的,以避免发生危害,因此许多商业化设施就以间接系统来建置,另外必须强调的是省能设计不单单指冷媒设备本体的设计而已,整个系统包含所有的热交换器都与整体效能有关。 6 Z5 S! @! m; c4 a & C/ g: x8 Z7 D. B 为能拓展未来的应用层面,并考量应用所带来的冲击,必须调整现有的政策与法令,一些标准规范也能够推动施行。通常技术面是可行的,但自由经济市场机制下,使主导商品朝向众人皆可接受,安全而完全没有差错(foolproof)的设计理念发展,最近几年市场上的情况约略可导引出HC产未来发展的方向,像是家用冰箱、小型冷气机等正快速成长,而其它的产品也是有被众人接纳的潜力。& k5 W9 b1 k! L* U
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" S. E) W+ f) p8 l6 v& |% f' X 9.Mathur, Performance of vapor compression refrigeration system with hydrocarbon propane, isobutane and 50-50 mixture of propane isobutane. Proc. Int. Conf. Ozone Prot. Techn. Wash. DC, 1996, pp.835-44./ y2 f3 G; p. h, ]- o% ~
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14.Devotta et. al, Compressor life tests with HC refrigerants, Proc. IIF/IIR Gustav Lorentzen Conf., Oslo, Norway, 1998, pp.668-75. 6 V( q+ L2 n' T8 c# a