空 压 机 基 础 知 识

gaokecheng007

<DIV class=Section1>
<H1  align=center>空<FONT face="Times New Roman">    </FONT>压<FONT face="Times New Roman">    </FONT>机<FONT face="Times New Roman">    </FONT>基<FONT face="Times New Roman">    </FONT>础<FONT face="Times New Roman">    </FONT>知<FONT face="Times New Roman">    </FONT>识<p></p></H1>
< ><p><FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT></p></P>
< ><FONT face="Times New Roman">一、         </FONT>气动技术的优缺点：<p></p></P>
< >优点：<p></p></P>
< ><FONT face="Times New Roman">1、</FONT>作为工作介质的空气容易获取，且工作压力较低。用过的空气可<p></p></P>
< >就地排放，无需回收管道。<p></p></P>
< ><FONT face="Times New Roman">2、</FONT>空气的粘度小，流动阻力损失小，便于集中供气和远距离输送。<p></p></P>
< ><FONT face="Times New Roman">3、</FONT>气动执行元件运动速度高。<p></p></P>
< ><FONT face="Times New Roman">4、</FONT>气动系统对环境的适应能力强，能在温度范围很宽、潮湿和有灰尘的环境下可靠工作，稍有泄漏不会污染环境，无火灾、爆炸的危险，使用安全。<p></p></P>
< ><FONT face="Times New Roman">5、</FONT>结构简单，维护方便，成本低廉。<p></p></P>
< ><FONT face="Times New Roman">6、</FONT>气动元件寿命长，目前电磁阀寿命可达<FONT face="Times New Roman">3000</FONT>～<FONT face="Times New Roman">5000</FONT>万次，气缸寿命可达<FONT face="Times New Roman">2000</FONT>～<FONT face="Times New Roman">6000km</FONT>。<p></p></P>
<P ><FONT face="Times New Roman">7、</FONT>本身有过载保护性能，执行元件在过载时会自动停止，无损坏危险，功率不够时会在负载作用下保持不动。（压缩空气的工作压力决定气动工具的扭矩，压缩空气的流量决定气动工具的转速）<p></p></P>
<P >缺点：<p></p></P>
<P ><FONT face="Times New Roman">1、</FONT>因气体可压缩，使得工作部件运动速度稳定性差。<p></p></P>
<P ><FONT face="Times New Roman">2、</FONT>因工作压力低，气动执行元件的输出推力比液压的小。<p></p></P>
<P ><FONT face="Times New Roman">3、</FONT>气动信号的传递速度远低于电信号，而且有较大的延迟和失真，不宜用于需高速传递信号的复杂系统，气动信号的传递距离也受到一定的限制。<p></p></P>
<P >二、空压机的用途<p></p></P>
<P ><FONT face="Times New Roman">      </FONT>空气压缩机顾名思义是将自由状态下的空气压缩成具有一定压力能<FONT face="Times New Roman">(</FONT>即压缩空气<FONT face="Times New Roman">)</FONT>的一种机械。我们在机械、矿山、建筑等领域利用压缩空气作为动力风源，驱动各种风动工具<FONT face="Times New Roman">(</FONT>如风镐、风钻、气动扳手、气力喷砂等<FONT face="Times New Roman">)</FONT>，此时压力一般在<FONT face="Times New Roman">0.6~1.5MPa</FONT>。用来控制仪表及自动化装置时其压力为<FONT face="Times New Roman">0.6MPa</FONT>。交通运输业中利用压缩空气制动车辆、启闭门窗，压力为<FONT face="Times New Roman">0.2~1.0MPa</FONT>。纺织工业中利用压缩空气吹送纬纱以代替梭子，大中型发动机的启动，高压空气爆破勘探、采煤，鱼雷发射，潜艇沉浮及打捞，气垫船等等，均需用到不同压力的压缩空气。在这些部门中，空压机就成为必不可少的设备。<p></p></P>
<P >三、空压机的分类<p></p></P>
<P ><FONT face="Times New Roman">(1)    </FONT>按照压缩空气的方式不同，空压机通常分为两大类，一类是容积式，另一类是动力式，又可按其结构的不同分为以下几种形式：<p></p></P>
<P ><p><FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT></p></P>
<P ><v:line><v:stroke endarrowlength="short" endarrowwidth="narrow" startarrowlength="short" startarrowwidth="narrow"><FONT face="Times New Roman"></FONT></v:stroke></v:line><v:line><v:stroke endarrowlength="short" endarrowwidth="narrow" startarrowlength="short" startarrowwidth="narrow"><FONT face="Times New Roman"></FONT></v:stroke></v:line><FONT face="Times New Roman">                                                                         </FONT>活塞式<p></p></P>
<P ><v:line><v:stroke endarrowlength="short" endarrowwidth="narrow" startarrowlength="short" startarrowwidth="narrow"></v:stroke></v:line><v:line><v:stroke endarrowlength="short" endarrowwidth="narrow" startarrowlength="short" startarrowwidth="narrow"></v:stroke></v:line><v:line><v:stroke endarrowlength="short" endarrowwidth="narrow" startarrowlength="short" startarrowwidth="narrow"></v:stroke></v:line><FONT face="Times New Roman">                                                  </FONT>往复式<p></p></P>
<P ><v:line><v:stroke endarrowlength="short" endarrowwidth="narrow" startarrowlength="short" startarrowwidth="narrow"></v:stroke></v:line><FONT face="Times New Roman">                                                                         </FONT>膜片式<p></p></P>
<P ><v:line><v:stroke endarrowlength="short" endarrowwidth="narrow" startarrowlength="short" startarrowwidth="narrow"></v:stroke></v:line><v:line><v:stroke endarrowlength="short" endarrowwidth="narrow" startarrowlength="short" startarrowwidth="narrow"></v:stroke></v:line><v:line><v:stroke endarrowlength="short" endarrowwidth="narrow" startarrowlength="short" startarrowwidth="narrow"></v:stroke></v:line><v:line><v:stroke endarrowlength="short" endarrowwidth="narrow" startarrowlength="short" startarrowwidth="narrow"></v:stroke></v:line><v:line><v:stroke endarrowlength="short" endarrowwidth="narrow" startarrowlength="short" startarrowwidth="narrow"></v:stroke></v:line><FONT face="Times New Roman">                            </FONT>容积式<FONT face="Times New Roman">                                       </FONT>滑片式<p></p></P>
<P ><v:line><v:stroke endarrowlength="short" endarrowwidth="narrow" startarrowlength="short" startarrowwidth="narrow"></v:stroke></v:line><v:line><v:stroke endarrowlength="short" endarrowwidth="narrow" startarrowlength="short" startarrowwidth="narrow"></v:stroke></v:line><v:line><v:stroke endarrowlength="short" endarrowwidth="narrow" startarrowlength="short" startarrowwidth="narrow"></v:stroke></v:line><v:line><v:stroke endarrowlength="short" endarrowwidth="narrow" startarrowlength="short" startarrowwidth="narrow"></v:stroke></v:line><FONT face="Times New Roman">                                                                         </FONT>螺杆式<FONT face="Times New Roman">              </FONT>单螺杆<p></p></P>
<P ><v:line><v:stroke endarrowlength="short" endarrowwidth="narrow" startarrowlength="short" startarrowwidth="narrow"></v:stroke></v:line><v:line><v:stroke endarrowlength="short" endarrowwidth="narrow" startarrowlength="short" startarrowwidth="narrow"></v:stroke></v:line><v:line><v:stroke endarrowlength="short" endarrowwidth="narrow" startarrowlength="short" startarrowwidth="narrow"></v:stroke></v:line><FONT face="Times New Roman">                                                  </FONT>回转式<FONT face="Times New Roman">                                    </FONT>双螺杆<FONT face="Times New Roman">      <p></p></FONT></P>
<P ><v:line><v:stroke endarrowlength="short" endarrowwidth="narrow" startarrowlength="short" startarrowwidth="narrow"><FONT face="Times New Roman"></FONT></v:stroke></v:line><v:line><v:stroke endarrowlength="short" endarrowwidth="narrow" startarrowlength="short" startarrowwidth="narrow"><FONT face="Times New Roman"></FONT></v:stroke></v:line>空压机<FONT face="Times New Roman">                                                                   </FONT>液环式<p></p></P>
<P ><v:line><v:stroke endarrowlength="short" endarrowwidth="narrow" startarrowlength="short" startarrowwidth="narrow"></v:stroke></v:line><FONT face="Times New Roman">                                                                         </FONT>转子式<p></p></P>
<P ><v:line><v:stroke endarrowlength="short" endarrowwidth="narrow" startarrowlength="short" startarrowwidth="narrow"></v:stroke></v:line><v:line><v:stroke endarrowlength="short" endarrowwidth="narrow" startarrowlength="short" startarrowwidth="narrow"></v:stroke></v:line><FONT face="Times New Roman">                                                                         </FONT>离心式<p></p></P>
<P ><v:line><v:stroke endarrowlength="short" endarrowwidth="narrow" startarrowlength="short" startarrowwidth="narrow"></v:stroke></v:line><v:line><v:stroke endarrowlength="short" endarrowwidth="narrow" startarrowlength="short" startarrowwidth="narrow"></v:stroke></v:line><v:line><v:stroke endarrowlength="short" endarrowwidth="narrow" startarrowlength="short" startarrowwidth="narrow"></v:stroke></v:line><FONT face="Times New Roman">                                                  </FONT>透平式<FONT face="Times New Roman">                 </FONT>轴流式<p></p></P>
<P ><v:line><v:stroke endarrowlength="short" endarrowwidth="narrow" startarrowlength="short" startarrowwidth="narrow"></v:stroke></v:line><v:line><v:stroke endarrowlength="short" endarrowwidth="narrow" startarrowlength="short" startarrowwidth="narrow"></v:stroke></v:line><v:line><v:stroke endarrowlength="short" endarrowwidth="narrow" startarrowlength="short" startarrowwidth="narrow"></v:stroke></v:line><FONT face="Times New Roman">                            </FONT>动力式<FONT face="Times New Roman">                                       </FONT>混流式<p></p></P>
<P ><v:line><v:stroke endarrowlength="short" endarrowwidth="narrow" startarrowlength="short" startarrowwidth="narrow"></v:stroke></v:line><FONT face="Times New Roman">                                                  </FONT>喷射式<p></p></P>
<P ><FONT face="Times New Roman">(2) </FONT>按照空压机的最终排气压力、容积流量和轴功率进行分类：<p></p></P>
<TABLE  cellSpacing=0 cellPadding=0 border=1>

<TR >
<TD  vAlign=top width=199 colSpan=2>
<P  align=center>按最终排气压力<p></p></P></TD>
<TD  vAlign=top width=200 colSpan=2>
<P  align=center>按容积流量<p></p></P></TD>
<TD  vAlign=top width=199 colSpan=2>
<P  align=center>按轴功率<p></p></P></TD></TR>
<TR >
<TD  vAlign=top width=111>
<P  align=center>类型<p></p></P></TD>
<TD  vAlign=top width=88>
<P  align=center>排气压力<p></p></P>
<H3 ><FONT size=3><FONT face="Times New Roman">MPa<p></p></FONT></FONT></H3></TD>
<TD  vAlign=top width=104>
<P  align=center>类型<p></p></P></TD>
<TD  vAlign=top width=96>
<P  align=center>排气量<p></p></P>
<P  align=center><FONT face="Times New Roman">m<SUP>3</SUP>/min<p></p></FONT></P></TD>
<TD  vAlign=top width=100>
<P  align=center>类型<p></p></P></TD>
<TD  vAlign=top width=100>
<P  align=center>功率<p></p></P>
<P  align=center><FONT face="Times New Roman">kW<p></p></FONT></P></TD></TR>
<TR >
<TD  vAlign=top width=111>
<P  align=center>低压压缩机<p></p></P></TD>
<TD  vAlign=top width=88>
<P >＞<FONT face="Times New Roman">0.2~1<p></p></FONT></P></TD>
<TD  vAlign=top width=104>
<P  align=center>微型压缩机<p></p></P></TD>
<TD  vAlign=top width=96>
<P >＜<FONT face="Times New Roman">1<p></p></FONT></P></TD>
<TD  vAlign=top width=100>
<P  align=center>微型压缩机<p></p></P></TD>
<TD  vAlign=top width=100>
<P >＜<FONT face="Times New Roman">10<p></p></FONT></P></TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD  vAlign=top width=111>
<P  align=center>中压压缩机<p></p></P></TD>
<TD  vAlign=top width=88>
<P >＞<FONT face="Times New Roman">1</FONT>～<FONT face="Times New Roman">10<p></p></FONT></P></TD>
<TD  vAlign=top width=104>
<P  align=center>小型压缩机<p></p></P></TD>
<TD  vAlign=top width=96>
<P >≥<FONT face="Times New Roman">1</FONT>～<FONT face="Times New Roman">10<p></p></FONT></P></TD>
<TD  vAlign=top width=100>
<P  align=center>小型压缩机<p></p></P></TD>
<TD  vAlign=top width=100>
<P >≥<FONT face="Times New Roman">10</FONT>～<FONT face="Times New Roman">100<p></p></FONT></P></TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD  vAlign=top width=111>
<P  align=center>高压压缩机<p></p></P></TD>
<TD  vAlign=top width=88>
<P >＞<FONT face="Times New Roman">10</FONT>～<FONT face="Times New Roman">100<p></p></FONT></P></TD>
<TD  vAlign=top width=104>
<P  align=center>中型压缩机<p></p></P></TD>
<TD  vAlign=top width=96>
<P >＞<FONT face="Times New Roman">10</FONT>～<FONT face="Times New Roman">100<p></p></FONT></P></TD>
<TD  vAlign=top width=100>
<P  align=center>中型压缩机<p></p></P></TD>
<TD  vAlign=top width=100>
<P >＞<FONT face="Times New Roman">100</FONT>～<FONT face="Times New Roman">500<p></p></FONT></P></TD></TR>
<TR >
<TD  vAlign=top width=111>
<P  align=center>超高压压缩机<p></p></P></TD>
<TD  vAlign=top width=88>
<P >＞<FONT face="Times New Roman">100<p></p></FONT></P></TD>
<TD  vAlign=top width=104>
<P  align=center>大型压缩机<p></p></P></TD>
<TD  vAlign=top width=96>
<P >≥<FONT face="Times New Roman">100<p></p></FONT></P></TD>
<TD  vAlign=top width=100>
<P  align=center>大型压缩机<p></p></P></TD>
<TD  vAlign=top width=100>
<P >≥<FONT face="Times New Roman">500<p></p></FONT></P></TD></TR></TABLE>
<P >注：按照最终排气压力分还可将风机分为通风机＜<FONT face="Times New Roman">15kPa</FONT>、鼓风机<FONT face="Times New Roman">0.015</FONT>～<FONT face="Times New Roman">0.2MPa</FONT>。对于进气压力高于<FONT face="Times New Roman">0.2MPa</FONT>的压缩机，特称为增压压缩机。<p></p></P></DIV>

qiuzhi99

怎么会是这样的啊？